Precedence of Python Operators

Operator	Description
(expressions...), [expressions...], {key: value...}, {expressions...}	Binding or parenthesized expression, list display, dictionary display, set display
x[index], x[index:index], x(arguments...), x.attribute	Subscription, slicing, call, attribute reference
await x	Await expression
**	Exponentiation 5
+x, -x, ~x	Positive, negative, bitwise NOT
*, @, /, //, %	Multiplication, matrix multiplication, division, floor division, remainder 6
+, -	Addition and subtraction
<<, >>	Shifts
&	Bitwise AND
^	Bitwise XOR
|	Bitwise OR
in, not in, is, is not, <, <=, >, >=, !=, ==	Comparisons, including membership tests and identity tests
not x	Boolean NOT
and	Boolean AND
or	Boolean OR
if – else	Conditional expression
lambda	Lambda expression
:=	Assignment expression

Footnotes

1 While abs(x%y) < abs(y) is true mathematically, for floats it may not be true numerically due to roundoff. For example, and assuming a platform on which a Python float is an IEEE 754 double-precision number, in order that -1e-100 % 1e100 have the same sign as 1e100, the computed result is -1e-100 + 1e100, which is numerically exactly equal to 1e100. The function math.fmod() returns a result whose sign matches the sign of the first argument instead, and so returns -1e-100 in this case. Which approach is more appropriate depends on the application.

2 If x is very close to an exact integer multiple of y, it’s possible for x//y to be one larger than (x-x%y)//y due to rounding. In such cases, Python returns the latter result, in order to preserve that divmod(x,y)[0] * y + x % y be very close to x.

3 The Unicode standard distinguishes between code points (e.g. U+0041) and abstract characters (e.g. “LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A”). While most abstract characters in Unicode are only represented using one code point, there is a number of abstract characters that can in addition be represented using a sequence of more than one code point. For example, the abstract character “LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA” can be represented as a single precomposed character at code position U+00C7, or as a sequence of a base character at code position U+0043 (LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C), followed by a combining character at code position U+0327 (COMBINING CEDILLA).

The comparison operators on strings compare at the level of Unicode code points. This may be counter-intuitive to humans. For example, "\u00C7" == "\u0043\u0327" is False, even though both strings represent the same abstract character “LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA”.

To compare strings at the level of abstract characters (that is, in a way intuitive to humans), use unicodedata.normalize().

4 Due to automatic garbage-collection, free lists, and the dynamic nature of descriptors, you may notice seemingly unusual behaviour in certain uses of the is operator, like those involving comparisons between instance methods, or constants. Check their documentation for more info.

5 The power operator ** binds less tightly than an arithmetic or bitwise unary operator on its right, that is, 2**-1 is 0.5.

6 The % operator is also used for string formatting; the same precedence applies.