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34 changes: 15 additions & 19 deletions assignments/hw2.qmd
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## 1. What if Americans turned to small cars and electric vehicles?
## 1. What if Americans turn to small cars and electric vehicles?

In your first policy response, you were asked to discuss the impact and policy responses to America's big car problem. This assignment will give you a chance to practice with data and policy analysis. You will navigate through some common energy and carbon data, make some reasonable assumptions, and calculate some policy relevant metrics.
In your first policy response, you discussed the impact and policy responses to America's big car problem. This assignment gives you the opportunity to practice with data and policy analysis. You will navigate through common energy and carbon data, make reasonable assumptions, and calculate policy-relevant metrics.

First, let's make some assumptions on the market penetration of small cars and electric vehicles:

### Questions

First, let's make some assumptions on the market penetration of small cars and electric vehicles.

Key assumptions, all 2022 data:
Key assumptions (all based on 2022 data):
- Average annual miles per vehicle: 11,000 miles^[https://afdc.energy.gov/data/10309]
- Averge subcompact small cars fuel efficiency: 33 mile per gallon (mpg); big cars pickup trucks: 20 mpg^[https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/us-vehicle-sales-by-fuel-economy-cars-trucks-and-suvs]
- Averge fuel efficiency^[https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/us-vehicle-sales-by-fuel-economy-cars-trucks-and-suvs]:
- Subcompact/small cars: 33 mile per gallon (mpg)
- Big cars/pickup trucks: 20 mpg
- Total registerd personal and commercial vehicles: 278,870,463^[https://www.forbes.com/advisor/car-insurance/car-ownership-statistics]
- Big cars (large, crossover, SUVs) has a 65% of the market share^[https://www.autoinsurance.com/research/car-ownership-statistics/]
- Big cars (large, crossover, SUVs) market share: 65%^[https://www.autoinsurance.com/research/car-ownership-statistics/]

### Questions

1. If U.S. replaces half of its big cars (large, crossover, SUVs) with small cars (subcompact, compact, and midsize cars) in 2022, how much oil US can save in one year? compare your result with U.S.'s daily oil imports. (1pt)
1. **Oil savings with a switch to smaller cars**: If the U.S. replaces half of its big cars (large, crossover, SUVs) with small cars (subcompact, compact, and midsize cars) in 2022, how much gasoline can the US save in one year? Compare your result with U.S. daily oil imports. (1pt)

2. Now assume if U.S. replace all vehicles by EV by 2050. How much oil it could avoid consuming annually in 2050, compared with 2022? And how much more electricity it need to charge all vehicles in a year? Assumming the total vihecle numbers stays the same. (1.5pt)
2. **EV transition by 2050**: Assume the U.S. replaces all vehicles with EVs by 2050. How much gasoline could be avoided annually in 2050, compared to 2022? Additionally, how much more electricity would be required to charge all vehicles in a year? Assumming the total number of vehicles remains the same and the average combined efficiency of 25 kWh/100 miles^[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_car_EPA_fuel_economy]. (1.5pts)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_car_EPA_fuel_economy


## 2. UK coal phase out
## 2. UK coal phase out and lessons for other countries

### Background

Please read the story of the [Shoreham Nuclear Power Plant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoreham_Nuclear_Power_Plant) and the [Diablo Canyon Power Plant](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diablo_Canyon_Power_Plant). One plant never commerically operated and was decommisioned and the rate-payers are still paying the construction costs, while the other is offered to extend operation in the midist of California's clean energy quest.
In in policy response last week, you explored how the UK is set to close its last coal power plant by 2024. Read more on coal phase out [here](https://www.wri.org/insights/countries-phasing-out-coal-power-fastest). You can download historical coal consumption data for any country from [Our Wold in Data](https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/coal-consumption-by-country-terawatt-hours-twh?tab=table). Please note that the unit is in TWh ranther than traditional tons.


### Questions

1. **Delayed UK coal phase-out**: If the UK delayed its coal phase out by six years, how much additional coal would consume, and how much more carbon emissions would this result in? Assume starting 2023 (UK Energy Act), a linear declince to zero coal consuption by 2030, instead of 2024. Use an emission factor of 91.2tCO2/TJ, and 1TWh = 3600 TJ (1.5pts)






2. **Coal phase-out in other countries**: Choose a country of interest (e.g. the U.S., China, Chile) and apply a similar analysis to show the benefits of an earlier coal phase out. For example, what if China phases out coal by 2040 instead of 2050. (1pt)
30 changes: 17 additions & 13 deletions docs/assignments/hw2.html
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<h2 id="toc-title">On this page</h2>

<ul>
<li><a href="#what-if-americans-turned-to-small-cars-and-electric-vehicles" id="toc-what-if-americans-turned-to-small-cars-and-electric-vehicles" class="nav-link active" data-scroll-target="#what-if-americans-turned-to-small-cars-and-electric-vehicles">1. What if Americans turned to small cars and electric vehicles?</a>
<li><a href="#what-if-americans-turn-to-small-cars-and-electric-vehicles" id="toc-what-if-americans-turn-to-small-cars-and-electric-vehicles" class="nav-link active" data-scroll-target="#what-if-americans-turn-to-small-cars-and-electric-vehicles">1. What if Americans turn to small cars and electric vehicles?</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#questions" id="toc-questions" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#questions">Questions</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#uk-coal-phase-out" id="toc-uk-coal-phase-out" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#uk-coal-phase-out">2. UK coal phase out</a>
<li><a href="#uk-coal-phase-out-and-lessons-for-other-countries" id="toc-uk-coal-phase-out-and-lessons-for-other-countries" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#uk-coal-phase-out-and-lessons-for-other-countries">2. UK coal phase out and lessons for other countries</a>
<ul class="collapse">
<li><a href="#background" id="toc-background" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#background">Background</a></li>
<li><a href="#questions-1" id="toc-questions-1" class="nav-link" data-scroll-target="#questions-1">Questions</a></li>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -210,28 +210,31 @@ <h1 class="title">Assignment 2 Energy data analysis and policy</h1>
</header>


<section id="what-if-americans-turned-to-small-cars-and-electric-vehicles" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="what-if-americans-turned-to-small-cars-and-electric-vehicles">1. What if Americans turned to small cars and electric vehicles?</h2>
<p>In your first policy response, you were asked to discuss the impact and policy responses to America’s big car problem. This assignment will give you a chance to practice with data and policy analysis. You will navigate through some common energy and carbon data, make some reasonable assumptions, and calculate some policy relevant metrics.</p>
<section id="what-if-americans-turn-to-small-cars-and-electric-vehicles" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="what-if-americans-turn-to-small-cars-and-electric-vehicles">1. What if Americans turn to small cars and electric vehicles?</h2>
<p>In your first policy response, you discussed the impact and policy responses to America’s big car problem. This assignment gives you the opportunity to practice with data and policy analysis. You will navigate through common energy and carbon data, make reasonable assumptions, and calculate policy-relevant metrics.</p>
<p>First, let’s make some assumptions on the market penetration of small cars and electric vehicles:</p>
<p>Key assumptions (all based on 2022 data): - Average annual miles per vehicle: 11,000 miles<a href="#fn1" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref1" role="doc-noteref"><sup>1</sup></a> - Averge fuel efficiency<a href="#fn2" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref2" role="doc-noteref"><sup>2</sup></a>: - Subcompact/small cars: 33 mile per gallon (mpg) - Big cars/pickup trucks: 20 mpg - Total registerd personal and commercial vehicles: 278,870,463<a href="#fn3" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref3" role="doc-noteref"><sup>3</sup></a> - Big cars (large, crossover, SUVs) market share: 65%<a href="#fn4" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref4" role="doc-noteref"><sup>4</sup></a></p>
<section id="questions" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="questions">Questions</h3>
<p>First, let’s make some assumptions on the market penetration of small cars and electric vehicles.</p>
<p>Key assumptions, all 2022 data: - Average annual miles per vehicle: 11,000 miles<a href="#fn1" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref1" role="doc-noteref"><sup>1</sup></a> - Averge subcompact small cars fuel efficiency: 33 mile per gallon (mpg); big cars pickup trucks: 20 mpg<a href="#fn2" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref2" role="doc-noteref"><sup>2</sup></a> - Total registerd personal and commercial vehicles: 278,870,463<a href="#fn3" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref3" role="doc-noteref"><sup>3</sup></a> - Big cars (large, crossover, SUVs) has a 65% of the market share<a href="#fn4" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref4" role="doc-noteref"><sup>4</sup></a></p>
<ol type="1">
<li><p>If U.S. replaces half of its big cars (large, crossover, SUVs) with small cars (subcompact, compact, and midsize cars) in 2022, how much oil US can save in one year? compare your result with U.S.’s daily oil imports. (1pt)</p></li>
<li><p>Now assume if U.S. replace all vehicles by EV by 2050. How much oil it could avoid consuming annually in 2050, compared with 2022? And how much more electricity it need to charge all vehicles in a year? Assumming the total vihecle numbers stays the same. (1.5pt)</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Oil savings with a switch to smaller cars</strong>: If the U.S. replaces half of its big cars (large, crossover, SUVs) with small cars (subcompact, compact, and midsize cars) in 2022, how much gasoline can the US save in one year? Compare your result with U.S. daily oil imports. (1pt)</p></li>
<li><p><strong>EV transition by 2050</strong>: Assume the U.S. replaces all vehicles with EVs by 2050. How much gasoline could be avoided annually in 2050, compared to 2022? Additionally, how much more electricity would be required to charge all vehicles in a year? Assumming the total number of vehicles remains the same and the average combined efficiency of 25 kWh/100 miles<a href="#fn5" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref5" role="doc-noteref"><sup>5</sup></a>. (1.5pts)</p></li>
</ol>
<p>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_car_EPA_fuel_economy</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="uk-coal-phase-out" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="uk-coal-phase-out">2. UK coal phase out</h2>
<section id="uk-coal-phase-out-and-lessons-for-other-countries" class="level2">
<h2 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="uk-coal-phase-out-and-lessons-for-other-countries">2. UK coal phase out and lessons for other countries</h2>
<section id="background" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="background">Background</h3>
<p>Please read the story of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoreham_Nuclear_Power_Plant">Shoreham Nuclear Power Plant</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diablo_Canyon_Power_Plant">Diablo Canyon Power Plant</a>. One plant never commerically operated and was decommisioned and the rate-payers are still paying the construction costs, while the other is offered to extend operation in the midist of California’s clean energy quest.</p>
<p>In in policy response last week, you explored how the UK is set to close its last coal power plant by 2024. Read more on coal phase out <a href="https://www.wri.org/insights/countries-phasing-out-coal-power-fastest">here</a>. You can download historical coal consumption data for any country from <a href="https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/coal-consumption-by-country-terawatt-hours-twh?tab=table">Our Wold in Data</a>. Please note that the unit is in TWh ranther than traditional tons.</p>
</section>
<section id="questions-1" class="level3">
<h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="questions-1">Questions</h3>
<ol type="1">
<li><p><strong>Delayed UK coal phase-out</strong>: If the UK delayed its coal phase out by six years, how much additional coal would consume, and how much more carbon emissions would this result in? Assume starting 2023 (UK Energy Act), a linear declince to zero coal consuption by 2030, instead of 2024. Use an emission factor of 91.2tCO2/TJ, and 1TWh = 3600 TJ (1.5pts)</p></li>
<li><p><strong>Coal phase-out in other countries</strong>: Choose a country of interest (e.g.&nbsp;the U.S., China, Chile) and apply a similar analysis to show the benefits of an earlier coal phase out. For example, what if China phases out coal by 2040 instead of 2050. (1pt)</p></li>
</ol>


</section>
Expand All @@ -245,6 +248,7 @@ <h3 class="anchored" data-anchor-id="questions-1">Questions</h3>
<li id="fn2"><p>https://thundersaidenergy.com/downloads/us-vehicle-sales-by-fuel-economy-cars-trucks-and-suvs<a href="#fnref2" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
<li id="fn3"><p>https://www.forbes.com/advisor/car-insurance/car-ownership-statistics<a href="#fnref3" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
<li id="fn4"><p>https://www.autoinsurance.com/research/car-ownership-statistics/<a href="#fnref4" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
<li id="fn5"><p>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_car_EPA_fuel_economy<a href="#fnref5" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></p></li>
</ol>
</section></div></main> <!-- /main -->
<script id="quarto-html-after-body" type="application/javascript">
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12 changes: 6 additions & 6 deletions docs/schedule.html
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Expand Up @@ -248,42 +248,42 @@ <h1 class="title">Fall 2024 Course Schedule</h1>
<td>9/30</td>
<td><a href="./lectures/lecture4.html">Energy systems overview</a></td>
<td><a href="https://drganghe.github.io/climate-guest-speakers/speakers/kaifang-luo/">Kaifang Luo</a></td>
<td><a href="./assignments/hw2.html">HW2</a></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>6</td>
<td>10/7</td>
<td><a href="./lectures/lecture5.html">Energy project economics</a></td>
<td><a href="https://drganghe.github.io/climate-guest-speakers/speakers/simi-george/">Simi George</a></td>
<td></td>
<td><a href="./assignments/hw2.html">HW2</a></td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>7</td>
<td>10/15</td>
<td>Energy demand, energy and economy</td>
<td><a href="https://drganghe.github.io/climate-guest-speakers/speakers/maryam-mozafari/">Maryam Mozafari</a></td>
<td>HW3</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>8</td>
<td>10/21</td>
<td>Energy sources and conversion technologies</td>
<td><a href="https://drganghe.github.io/climate-guest-speakers/speakers/fabio-passaro/">Fabio Passaro</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>HW3</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>9</td>
<td>10/28</td>
<td>Human behavior, culture, and sustainable energy consumption</td>
<td><a href="https://drganghe.github.io/climate-guest-speakers/speakers/liqun-peng/">Liqun Peng</a></td>
<td>HW4</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td>10</td>
<td>11/4</td>
<td>Energy transition and energy justice</td>
<td><a href="https://drganghe.github.io/climate-guest-speakers/speakers/samuel-vaillancourt/">Samuel Vaillancourt</a></td>
<td></td>
<td>HW4</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td>11</td>
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