Note: This assignment was done using RStudio with R language. You can find the code for this assignment here.
Table 1 Cohort Characteristics:
| Total | Female (23.62%) | Male (76.38%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | Mean: 35.75 (SD: 7.79) | Mean: 36.07 (SD: 7.71) | Mean: 35.65 (SD: 7.84) |
| Median: 35 (IQR: 30-41) | Median: 35 (IQR: 31-40.5) | Median: 35 (IQR: 30-41) | |
| Race group | Black: 218 (46.38%) | Hispanic: 51 (10.85%) | Other: 28 (5.96%) |
| Homeless | Homeless: 219 (46.60%) | Homeless: 42 (37.84%) | Homeless: 177 (49.30%) |
| ... (other characteristics) |
- Approximately 46.59% of the total sample reported being homeless.
- Among females, about 37.84% reported being homeless.
- Among males, approximately 49.30% reported being homeless.
- The total percentage of individuals who reported alcohol as their primary substance of abuse is approximately 39.36%.
- Among females, about 33.33% reported alcohol as their primary substance of abuse.
- Among males, around 41.23% reported alcohol as their primary substance of abuse.
Table 2 Cohort Characteristics: Substance Abuse Post-Detox:
| Total | Female (36.04%) | Male (43.45%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | Mean: 35.75 (SD: 7.79) | Mean: 36.07 (SD: 7.71) | Mean: 35.65 (SD: 7.84) |
| Median: 35 (IQR: 30-41) | Median: 35 (IQR: 31-40.5) | Median: 35 (IQR: 30-41) | |
| ... (other characteristics) |
- The two-sample t-test indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in mean age between females and males in the sample.
B. Plot a histogram of 'lifetime number of hospitalizations for medical problems' and describe the distribution.
- The distribution of "Lifetime Number of Hospitalizations for Medical Problems" is positively skewed with a right tail.
- The mean number of hospitalizations is 3.1, with a high standard deviation indicating variability.
C. Plot a figure containing boxplots showing the maximum number of drinks consumed per day stratified by primary substance of abuse.
- The boxplot summary reveals insights into alcohol consumption and potential outliers.
- Median for Group A (<= medianAllBili): 0.8
- Median for Group B (> medianAllBili): 3.5
| D-penicillamine | Placebo | |
|---|---|---|
| Count | 158 | 154 |
| Censored | Transplant | Dead | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 232 | 25 | 161 |
- Total who died is 161.
- Percentage of those who died in the placebo group: 37.27%
- Percentage of the treatment group (D-penicillamine) that received a transplant: 6.33%
A. What is the risk ratio of having a transplant or dying in the treatment compared to the placebo group?
- Risk Ratio of having a transplant or dying in the treatment group compared to the placebo group: 0.92
- The risk of having a transplant or dying in the treatment group (D-penicillamine) was 0.92 times lower compared to the placebo group.
C. What is the odds ratio of having a transplant or dying in the treatment compared to the placebo group?
- Odds Ratio of having a transplant or dying in the treatment group compared to the placebo group: 0.898
- Individuals in the treatment group had approximately 0.898 times the odds of experiencing a transplant or death compared to those in the placebo group.
- The stage with the most people is Stage 3.
| Stage | Mean Age | SD Age |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 46.84 | 9.55 |
| 2 | 49.47 | 9.62 |
| 3 | 48.96 | 10.12 |
| 4 | 53.77 | 10.82 |
- The ANOVA F-test results show a statistically significant difference in mean age across different stages of the disease. The F-statistic is 7.227 with a p-value of 9.8e-05, indicating that there is strong evidence to reject the null hypothesis that the mean ages of individuals in all disease stages are equal.
- People in Stage 4 have a significantly higher mean age than those in Stage 3, with a mean age difference of approximately 4.803 years (95% CI: 1.746 to 7.860, p-value: 0.0003516).
- Bretz, F., Hothorn, T., & Westfall, P. (2016). Multiple comparisons using R. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420010909