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kairos

R-CMD-check codecov CodeFactor Dependencies

r-universe CRAN Version CRAN checks CRAN Downloads

Project Status: Active – The project has reached a stable, usable state and is being actively developed.

DOI

Overview

A convenient and reproducible toolkit for relative and absolute dating and analysis of chronological patterns. This package includes functions for chronological modeling and dating of archaeological assemblages from count data. It provides methods for matrix seriation. It also allows to compute time point estimates and density estimates of the occupation and duration of an archaeological site. kairos provides methods for:

  • Matrix seriation: seriate_rank() and seriate_average()
  • Mean ceramic date estimation (South 1977): mcd()
  • Event and accumulation date estimation (Bellanger and Husi 2012): event()
  • Aoristic analysis (Ratcliffe 2000): aoristic()
  • Chronological apportioning (Roberts et al. 2012): apportion()

tabula is a companion package to kairos that provides functions for visualization and analysis of archaeological count data.


To cite kairos in publications use:

Frerebeau N (2024). kairos: Analysis of Chronological Patterns from Archaeological Count Data. Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Pessac, France. doi:10.5281/zenodo.5653896 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5653896, R package version 2.1.1, https://packages.tesselle.org/kairos/.

This package is a part of the tesselle project https://www.tesselle.org.

Installation

You can install the released version of kairos from CRAN with:

install.packages("kairos")

And the development version from GitHub with:

# install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("tesselle/kairos")

Usage

## Load packages
library(kairos)
#> Loading required package: dimensio

kairos v2.0 uses aion for internal date representation. Look at vignette("aion") before you start.

It assumes that you keep your data tidy: each variable (type/taxa) must be saved in its own column and each observation (sample/case) must be saved in its own row.

## Data from Husi 2022
data("loire", package = "folio")
keep <- c("Anjou", "Blésois", "Orléanais", "Haut-Poitou", "Touraine")
loire <- subset(loire, area %in% keep)

## Get time range
loire_range <- loire[, c("lower", "upper")]

## Calculate aoristic sum (weights) by group
ao <- aoristic(loire_range, step = 50, weight = TRUE, groups = loire$area)

## Plot
plot(ao, col = "grey")

## Rate of change by group
ro <- roc(ao, n = 30)
plot(ro)

Contributing

Please note that the kairos project is released with a Contributor Code of Conduct. By contributing to this project, you agree to abide by its terms.

References

Baxter, M. J., and H. E. M. Cool. 2016. “Reinventing the Wheel? Modelling Temporal Uncertainty with Applications to Brooch Distributions in Roman Britain.” Journal of Archaeological Science 66: 120–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2015.12.007.

Bellanger, L., and P. Husi. 2012. “Statistical Tool for Dating and Interpreting Archaeological Contexts Using Pottery.” Journal of Archaeological Science 39 (4): 777–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.06.031.

———. 2013. “Mesurer et modéliser le temps inscrit dans la matière à partir d’une source matérielle : la céramique médiévale.” In Mesure et histoire médiévale, 119–34. Histoire ancienne et médiévale. Paris: Publication de la Sorbonne.

Bellanger, L., P. Husi, and R. Tomassone. 2006a. “Statistical Aspects of Pottery Quantification for the Dating of Some Archaeological Contexts.” Archaeometry 48 (1): 169–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2006.00249.x.

———. 2006b. “Une approche statistique pour la datation de contextes archéologiques.” Revue de statistique appliquée 54 (2): 65–81. http://www.numdam.org/item/RSA_2006__54_2_65_0/.

Bellanger, L., R. Tomassone, and P. Husi. 2008. “A Statistical Approach for Dating Archaeological Contexts.” Journal of Data Science 6: 135–54.

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Crema, E. R., A. Kandler, and S. Shennan. 2016. “Revealing Patterns of Cultural Transmission from Frequency Data: Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Assumptions.” Scientific Reports 6 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39122.

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Dye, T. S. 2016. “Long-Term Rhythms in the Development of Hawaiian Social Stratification.” Journal of Archaeological Science 71: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2016.05.006.

Feder, A. F., S. Kryazhimskiy, and J. B. Plotkin. 2014. “Identifying Signatures of Selection in Genetic Time Series.” Genetics 196 (2): 509–22. https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.113.158220.

Ihm, P. 2005. “A Contribution to the History of Seriation in Archaeology.” In Classification – the Ubiquitous Challenge, edited by C. Weihs and W. Gaul, 307–16. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28084-7_34.

Johnson, I. 2004. “Aoristic Analysis: Seeds of a New Approach to Mapping Archaeological Distributions Through Time.” In Enter the Past - The E-way into the Four Dimensions of Cultural Heritage, edited by K. F. Ausserer, W. Börner, M. Goriany, and L. Karlhuber-Vöckl, 448–52. BAR International Series 1227. Oxford: Archaeopress.

Kintigh, K. 2006. “Ceramic Dating and Type Associations.” In Managing Archaeological Data: Essays in Honor of Sylvia W. Gaines, edited by J. Hantman and R. Most, 17–26. Anthropological Research Paper 57. Tempe, AZ: Arizona State University. https://doi.org/10.6067/XCV8J38QSS.

Lipo, C. P., M. E. Madsen, and R. C. Dunnell. 2015. “A Theoretically-Sufficient and Computationally-Practical Technique for Deterministic Frequency Seriation.” PLOS ONE 10 (4): e0124942. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124942.

Müller-Scheeßel, N., and M. Hinz. 2018. “Aoristic Research in R: Correcting Temporal Categorizations in Archaeology.” Presented at the Human History and Digital Future (CAA 2018), Tubingen, March 21. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bUBukex30QI.

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Palmisano, A., A. Bevan, and S. Shennan. 2017. “Comparing Archaeological Proxies for Long-Term Population Patterns: An Example from Central Italy.” Journal of Archaeological Science 87: 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2017.10.001.

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———. 2002. “Aoristic Signatures and the Spatio-Temporal Analysis of High Volume Crime Patterns.” Journal of Quantitative Criminology 18 (1): 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013240828824.

Roberts, J. M., B. J. Mills, J. J. Clark, W. R. Haas, D. L. Huntley, and M. A. Trowbridge. 2012. “A Method for Chronological Apportioning of Ceramic Assemblages.” Journal of Archaeological Science 39 (5): 1513–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.12.022.

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