LICENSE

Please note that there are two licenses in this file. The Creative Commons
License applies to presentation slides, lab notes, and other documents. The
GNU General Public License applies to any source code.

=========================
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License

By exercising the Licensed Rights (defined below), You accept and agree to 
be bound by the terms and conditions of this Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 
International Public License ("Public License"). To the extent this Public 
License may be interpreted as a contract, You are granted the Licensed Rights 
in consideration of Your acceptance of these terms and conditions, and the 
Licensor grants You such rights in consideration of benefits the Licensor 
receives from making the Licensed Material available under these terms and 
conditions.

Section 1 – Definitions.

a. Adapted Material means material subject to Copyright and Similar Rights that 
is derived from or based upon the Licensed Material and in which the Licensed 
Material is translated, altered, arranged, transformed, or otherwise modified in 
a manner requiring permission under the Copyright and Similar Rights held by the 
Licensor. For purposes of this Public License, where the Licensed Material is a 
musical work, performance, or sound recording, Adapted Material is always 
produced where the Licensed Material is synched in timed relation with a moving 
image.

b. Adapter's License means the license You apply to Your Copyright and Similar 
Rights in Your contributions to Adapted Material in accordance with the terms 
and conditions of this Public License.

c. Copyright and Similar Rights means copyright and/or similar rights closely 
related to copyright including, without limitation, performance, broadcast, 
sound recording, and Sui Generis Database Rights, without regard to how the 
rights are labeled or categorized. For purposes of this Public License, the 
rights specified in Section 2(b)(1)-(2) are not Copyright and Similar Rights.

d. Effective Technological Measures means those measures that, in the absence 
of proper authority, may not be circumvented under laws fulfilling obligations 
under Article 11 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty adopted on December 20, 1996, 
and/or similar international agreements.

e. Exceptions and Limitations means fair use, fair dealing, and/or any other 
exception or limitation to Copyright and Similar Rights that applies to 
Your use of the Licensed Material.

f. Licensed Material means the artistic or literary work, database, or other 
material to which the Licensor applied this Public License.

g. Licensed Rights means the rights granted to You subject to the terms and 
conditions of this Public License, which are limited to all Copyright and 
Similar Rights that apply to Your use of the Licensed Material and that the 
Licensor has authority to license.

h. Licensor means the individual(s) or entity(ies) granting rights under this 
Public License.

i. Share means to provide material to the public by any means or process that 
requires permission under the Licensed Rights, such as reproduction, public 
display, public performance, distribution, dissemination, communication, or 
importation, and to make material available to the public including in ways 
that members of the public may access the material from a place and at a time 
individually chosen by them.

j. Sui Generis Database Rights means rights other than copyright resulting from 
Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 
1996 on the legal protection of databases, as amended and/or succeeded, as well 
as other essentially equivalent rights anywhere in the world.

k. You means the individual or entity exercising the Licensed Rights under this 
Public License. Your has a corresponding meaning.


Section 2 – Scope.

a. License grant.

1. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor 
hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, 
irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material 
to:
  A. reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and

  B. produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material.

2. Exceptions and Limitations. For the avoidance of doubt, where Exceptions and 
Limitations apply to Your use, this Public License does not apply, and You do 
not need to comply with its terms and conditions.

3. Term. The term of this Public License is specified in Section 6(a).

4. Media and formats; technical modifications allowed. The Licensor authorizes 
You to exercise the Licensed Rights in all media and formats whether now known 
or hereafter created, and to make technical modifications necessary to do so. 
The Licensor waives and/or agrees not to assert any right or authority to 
forbid You from making technical modifications necessary to exercise the 
Licensed Rights, including technical modifications necessary to circumvent 
Effective Technological Measures. For purposes of this Public License, simply 
making modifications authorized by this Section 2(a)(4) never produces Adapted 
Material.

5. Downstream recipients.
  A. Offer from the Licensor – Licensed Material. Every recipient of the 
  Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to 
  exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public 
  License.

  B. No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or 
  different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological 
  Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the 
  Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material.

6. No endorsement. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be 
construed as permission to assert or imply that You are, or that Your use of 
the Licensed Material is, connected with, or sponsored, endorsed, or granted 
official status by, the Licensor or others designated to receive attribution 
as provided in Section 3(a)(1)(A)(i).

b. Other rights.

1. Moral rights, such as the right of integrity, are not licensed under this 
Public License, nor are publicity, privacy, and/or other similar personality 
rights; however, to the extent possible, the Licensor waives and/or agrees not 
to assert any such rights held by the Licensor to the limited extent necessary 
to allow You to exercise the Licensed Rights, but not otherwise.

2. Patent and trademark rights are not licensed under this Public License.

3. To the extent possible, the Licensor waives any right to collect royalties 
from You for the exercise of the Licensed Rights, whether directly or through 
a collecting society under any voluntary or waivable statutory or compulsory 
licensing scheme. In all other cases the Licensor expressly reserves any right 
to collect such royalties.


Section 3 – License Conditions.

Your exercise of the Licensed Rights is expressly made subject to the following 
conditions.

a. Attribution.

1. If You Share the Licensed Material (including in modified form), You must:

  A. retain the following if it is supplied by the Licensor with the Licensed 
  Material:
    i. identification of the creator(s) of the Licensed Material and any others 
    designated to receive attribution, in any reasonable manner requested by 
    the Licensor (including by pseudonym if designated);
    ii. a copyright notice;
    iii. a notice that refers to this Public License;
    iv. a notice that refers to the disclaimer of warranties;
    v. a URI or hyperlink to the Licensed Material to the extent reasonably 
    practicable;

  B. indicate if You modified the Licensed Material and retain an indication 
  of any previous modifications; and

  C. indicate the Licensed Material is licensed under this Public License, and 
  include the text of, or the URI or hyperlink to, this Public License.

2.  You may satisfy the conditions in Section 3(a)(1) in any reasonable manner 
based on the medium, means, and context in which You Share the Licensed 
Material. For example, it may be reasonable to satisfy the conditions by 
providing a URI or hyperlink to a resource that includes the required 
information.

3. If requested by the Licensor, You must remove any of the information required 
by Section 3(a)(1)(A) to the extent reasonably practicable.

4. If You Share Adapted Material You produce, the Adapter's License You apply 
must not prevent recipients of the Adapted Material from complying with this 
Public License.


Section 4 – Sui Generis Database Rights.

Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that apply to 
Your use of the Licensed Material:

a. for the avoidance of doubt, Section 2(a)(1) grants You the right to extract, 
reuse, reproduce, and Share all or a substantial portion of the contents of the 
database;

b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database contents in a 
database in which You have Sui Generis Database Rights, then the database in 
which You have Sui Generis Database Rights (but not its individual contents) 
is Adapted Material; and

c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share all or a 
substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not replace 
Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed Rights include 
other Copyright and Similar Rights.


Section 5 – Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

a. Unless otherwise separately undertaken by the Licensor, to the extent 
possible, the Licensor offers the Licensed Material as-is and as-available, and 
makes no representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Licensed 
Material, whether express, implied, statutory, or other. This includes, without 
limitation, warranties of title, merchantability, fitness for a particular 
purpose, non-infringement, absence of latent or other defects, accuracy, or the 
presence or absence of errors, whether or not known or discoverable. Where 
disclaimers of warranties are not allowed in full or in part, this disclaimer 
may not apply to You.

b. To the extent possible, in no event will the Licensor be liable to You on any 
legal theory (including, without limitation, negligence) or otherwise for any 
direct, special, indirect, incidental, consequential, punitive, exemplary, or 
other losses, costs, expenses, or damages arising out of this Public License or 
use of the Licensed Material, even if the Licensor has been advised of the 
possibility of such losses, costs, expenses, or damages. Where a limitation of 
liability is not allowed in full or in part, this limitation may not apply to 
You.

c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided above 
shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent possible, most closely 
approximates an absolute disclaimer and waiver of all liability.


Section 6 – Term and Termination.

a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and Similar Rights 
licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with this Public License, then 
Your rights under this Public License terminate automatically.

b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under Section 
6(a), it reinstates:

  1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided it is cured 
  within 30 days of Your discovery of the violation; or

  2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any right the 
Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations of this Public License.

c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the Licensed Material
under separate terms or conditions or stop distributing the Licensed Material at
any time; however, doing so will not terminate this Public License.

d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public License.


Section 7 – Other Terms and Conditions.

a. The Licensor shall not be bound by any additional or different terms or 
conditions communicated by You unless expressly agreed.

b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the Licensed 
Material not stated herein are separate from and independent of the terms and 
conditions of this Public License.


Section 8 – Interpretation.

a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and shall not be 
interpreted to, reduce, limit, restrict, or impose conditions on any use of the 
Licensed Material that could lawfully be made without permission under this 
Public License.

b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is deemed 
unenforceable, it shall be automatically reformed to the minimum extent 
necessary to make it enforceable. If the provision cannot be reformed, it shall 
be severed from this Public License without affecting the enforceability of the 
remaining terms and conditions.

c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no failure to 
comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the Licensor.

d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted as a 
limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities that apply to the 
Licensor or You, including from the legal processes of any jurisdiction or 
authority.

========================

                     GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                       Version 3, 29 June 2007

 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

                            Preamble

  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
software and other kinds of works.

  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
your programs, too.

  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
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  To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
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  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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  Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
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  For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
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  Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
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  Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
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  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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                       TERMS AND CONDITIONS

  0. Definitions.

  "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.

  "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
works, such as semiconductor masks.

  "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
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  A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
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  1. Source Code.

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  All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
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  You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
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copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
your receipt of the notice.

  Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
this License.  If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
material under section 10.

  9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.

  You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
run a copy of the Program.  Ancillary propagation of a covered work
occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance.  However,
nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
modify any covered work.  These actions infringe copyright if you do
not accept this License.  Therefore, by modifying or propagating a
covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.

  10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.

  Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and
propagate that work, subject to this License.  You are not responsible
for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.

  An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an
organization, or merging organizations.  If propagation of a covered
work results from an entity transaction, each party to that
transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever
licenses to the work the party's predecessor in interest had or could
give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the
Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if
the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.

  You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
rights granted or affirmed under this License.  For example, you may
not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of
rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation
(including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that
any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.

  11. Patents.

  A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based.  The
work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".

  A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted
by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version,
but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
consequence of further modification of the contributor version.  For
purposes of this definition, "control" includes the right to grant
patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of
this License.

  Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free
patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and
propagate the contents of its contributor version.

  In the following three paragraphs, a "patent license" is any express
agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent
(such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to
sue for patent infringement).  To "grant" such a patent license to a
party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a
patent against the party.

  If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone
to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a
publicly available network server or other readily accessible means,
then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner
consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
license to downstream recipients.  "Knowingly relying" means you have
actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
covered work in a country, or your recipient's use of the covered work
in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
country that you have reason to believe are valid.

  If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license
you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
work and works based on it.

  A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
specifically granted under this License.  You may not convey a covered
work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is
in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying
the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory
patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work
conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.

  Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.

  12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.

  If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot convey a
covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
not convey it at all.  For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.

  13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.

  Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single
combined work, and to convey the resulting work.  The terms of this
License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License,
section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the
combination as such.

  14. Revised Versions of this License.

  The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
the GNU General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.

  Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the
Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General
Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
version or of any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
by the Free Software Foundation.

  If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's
public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
to choose that version for the Program.

  Later license versions may give you additional or different
permissions.  However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
later version.

  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.

  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

  16. Limitation of Liability.

  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGES.

  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.

  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
copy of the Program in return for a fee.

                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

    {one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.}
    Copyright (C) {year}  {name of author}

    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

  If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

    {project}  Copyright (C) {year}  {fullname}
    This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License.  Of course, your program's commands
might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".

  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

  The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License.  But first, please read
<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.