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File system is part of the kernel which manages the disk hardware and implements user level view of files and folders which are stored on the physical disk.
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The implementation of file system can vary, depending upon what type of data structures the kernel is providing for managing files, why type of convention is used for physically storing data on disk, etc
- It is logical division of the volume grounp which consists of set of physical volumes. The logical division made by kernel helps in effectively creating multiple regions from the given set of physical disks.
- The process of creating the initialized data structure on paritition, so that one can start creating the files and folders on the paritions based upon the data structure used by kernel like acyclic graph data structure.
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The /proc/partitions file on the system is psuedo file system reflection of the kernels implementation of file system.
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There has to be atleast one partition on the harddisk, thus any harddisk must essentially have parition table. The one partition may span whole hard disk. However all one can may logical division inside the parition as well.