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Multi-Container Docker Compose, nginx & postgres Project

This project demonstrates a multi-container application using Docker Compose, including a web application served by Nginx and a PostgreSQL database. The application, running in a Python Flask container, interacts with the PostgreSQL database. Nginx serves as a reverse proxy to the Flask application.

Prerequisites

  • Docker
  • Docker Compose

Setup

  1. Clone the repository: 
    git clone <repository_url>
cd my_docker_compose_project

Build and run the containers:

docker-compose up --build

Access the web application at http://localhost.

Purpose and Actions of Each File

1. docker-compose.yml

Defines the multi-container setup:

  • web:

    • Builds the application container from the app directory.
    • Sets the DATABASE_URL environment variable.
    • Maps port 5000 on the host to port 5000 in the container.

  • nginx:

    • Builds the Nginx container from the nginx directory.
    • Maps port 80 on the host to port 80 in the container.
    • Forwards requests to the web service on port 5000.

  • db:

    • Builds the PostgreSQL container from the postgres directory.
    • Sets environment variables for PostgreSQL (POSTGRES_USER, POSTGRES_PASSWORD, POSTGRES_DB).
    • Maps port 5432 on the host to port 5432 in the container.

2. nginx/Dockerfile

Builds the Nginx image:

  • Uses the official Nginx image.
  • Copies the Nginx configuration file and static HTML files into the container.

3. nginx/default.conf

Configures Nginx to proxy requests to the Flask application:

  • Forwards requests from port 80 to the web service on port 5000.

4. nginx/html/index.html

A simple static HTML page served by Nginx:

  • Displays a welcome message indicating that the application is connected to a PostgreSQL database.

5. app/Dockerfile

Builds the Flask application container:

  • Uses the Python 3.9 slim image.
  • Installs dependencies from requirements.txt.
  • Runs the Flask application.

6. app/requirements.txt

Lists the Python packages needed for the application:

  • flask for the web framework.
  • psycopg2-binary for PostgreSQL database connectivity.

7. app/app.py

A simple Flask application:

  • Connects to PostgreSQL using psycopg2.
  • Exposes an endpoint that retrieves and returns data from the users table in PostgreSQL.

8. postgres/Dockerfile

Builds the PostgreSQL image:

  • Uses the official PostgreSQL image.
  • Copies the initialization SQL script into the container.

9. postgres/init.sql

Initial SQL script for PostgreSQL:

  • Creates a users table.
  • Inserts sample data into the table.

Conclusion

This project provides a practical example of using Docker Compose to set up a multi-container application with Nginx, a Flask application, and PostgreSQL. It demonstrates how to configure and connect these components in a development environment.

Summary

  • Nginx: Serves as the reverse proxy for the Flask application.
  • Flask App: Connects to the PostgreSQL database and provides an endpoint to retrieve data.
  • PostgreSQL: Stores data and is initialized with a sample dataset.

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License.