diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 5f614d9..af872ee 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -35,7 +35,9 @@ via `elements["oxygen"]`, by symbol via `elements[:O]`, or by number via
Each element has fields `name`, `appearance`, `atomic_mass`, `boil`, `category`, `color`, `density`, `discovered_by`, `melt`, `molar_heat`, `named_by`, `number`, `period`, `phase`, `source`, `spectral_img`, `summary`, `symbol`, `xpos`, `ypos`, `shells`.
-This data is pretty-printed when you look up an element in the Julia REPL.
+All physical quantities are [unitful](https://github.com/ajkeller34/Unitful.jl).
+
+The data is pretty-printed when you look up an element in the Julia REPL.
For example:
```jl
julia> elements["oxygen"]
diff --git a/REQUIRE b/REQUIRE
index e0ee8c3..bf29947 100644
--- a/REQUIRE
+++ b/REQUIRE
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
julia 0.6
Compat 0.33.0
+Unitful
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/PeriodicTable.jl b/src/PeriodicTable.jl
index 88539fb..d54edfd 100644
--- a/src/PeriodicTable.jl
+++ b/src/PeriodicTable.jl
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ module PeriodicTable
export Element, elements
using Compat: replace
+import Unitful: u, g, cm, K, J, mol, Quantity
"""
Element composite type
@@ -19,15 +20,15 @@ Element composite type
mutable struct Element
name::String
appearance::String
- atomic_mass::Float64
- boil::Float64
+ atomic_mass::typeof(1.0u)
+ boil::typeof(1.0K)
category::String
color::String
- density::Float64
+ density::typeof(1.0g/cm^3)
discovered_by::String
el_config::String
- melt::Float64
- molar_heat::Float64
+ melt::typeof(1.0K)
+ molar_heat::typeof(1.0J/(mol*K))
named_by::String
number::Int
period::Int
@@ -43,15 +44,15 @@ end
Element(; name::AbstractString="",
appearance::AbstractString="",
- atomic_mass::Real=NaN,
- boil::Real=NaN,
+ atomic_mass::typeof(1.0u)=NaN*u,
+ boil::typeof(1.0K)=NaN*K,
category::AbstractString="",
color::AbstractString="",
- density::Real=NaN,
+ density::typeof(1.0g/cm^3)=NaN*g/cm^3,
discovered_by::AbstractString="",
el_config::AbstractString="",
- melt::Real=NaN,
- molar_heat::Real=NaN,
+ melt::typeof(1.0K)=NaN*K,
+ molar_heat::typeof(1.0J/(mol*K))=NaN*J/(mol*K),
named_by::AbstractString="",
number::Integer=-1,
period::Integer=-1,
@@ -70,11 +71,11 @@ Element(; name::AbstractString="",
Base.show(io::IO, el::Element) = print(io, "Element(", el.name, ')')
ispresent(s) = !isempty(s)
-ispresent(x::Float64) = !isnan(x)
+ispresent(x::Union{Float64, Quantity}) = !isnan(x)
ispresent(n::Int) = n ≥ 0
function printpresent(io::IO, name, val, suffix=""; pad=16)
if ispresent(val)
- println(io, lpad(name, pad), ": ", val, suffix)
+ println(io, lpad(name, pad), ": ", typeof(val) <: Quantity ? val.val : val, suffix)
end
end
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ end
function printpresenthtml(io::IO, name, val, suffix="")
if ispresent(val)
- println(io, "
", name, " | ", val, suffix, " |
")
+ println(io, "", name, " | ", typeof(val) <: Quantity ? val.val : val, suffix, " |
")
end
end
diff --git a/src/elements.jl b/src/elements.jl
index f7b2096..b0843e4 100644
--- a/src/elements.jl
+++ b/src/elements.jl
@@ -27,14 +27,14 @@
const _elements_data = [
Element(name="Hydrogen",
appearance="colorless gas",
- atomic_mass=1.008,
- boil=20.271,
+ atomic_mass=1.008u,
+ boil=20.271K,
category="diatomic nonmetal",
- density=0.08988,
+ density=0.08988g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Henry Cavendish",
el_config="1s¹",
- melt=13.99,
- molar_heat=28.836,
+ melt=13.99K,
+ molar_heat=28.836J/(mol*K),
named_by="Antoine Lavoisier",
number=1,
period=1,
@@ -48,13 +48,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=1),
Element(name="Helium",
appearance="colorless gas, exhibiting a red-orange glow when placed in a high-voltage electric field",
- atomic_mass=4.0026022,
- boil=4.222,
+ atomic_mass=4.0026022u,
+ boil=4.222K,
category="noble gas",
- density=0.1786,
+ density=0.1786g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Pierre Janssen",
el_config="1s²",
- melt=0.95,
+ melt=0.95K,
number=2,
period=1,
phase="Gas",
@@ -67,14 +67,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=1),
Element(name="Lithium",
appearance="silvery-white",
- atomic_mass=6.94,
- boil=1603,
+ atomic_mass=6.94u,
+ boil=1603.0K,
category="alkali metal",
- density=0.534,
+ density=0.534g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Johan August Arfwedson",
el_config="1s² 2s¹",
- melt=453.65,
- molar_heat=24.86,
+ melt=453.65K,
+ molar_heat=24.86J/(mol*K),
number=3,
period=2,
phase="Solid",
@@ -86,14 +86,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=2),
Element(name="Beryllium",
appearance="white-gray metallic",
- atomic_mass=9.01218315,
- boil=2742,
+ atomic_mass=9.01218315u,
+ boil=2742.0K,
category="alkaline earth metal",
- density=1.85,
+ density=1.85g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Louis Nicolas Vauquelin",
el_config="1s² 2s²",
- melt=1560,
- molar_heat=16.443,
+ melt=1560.0K,
+ molar_heat=16.443J/(mol*K),
number=4,
period=2,
phase="Solid",
@@ -105,14 +105,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=2),
Element(name="Boron",
appearance="black-brown",
- atomic_mass=10.81,
- boil=4200,
+ atomic_mass=10.81u,
+ boil=4200.0K,
category="metalloid",
- density=2.08,
+ density=2.08g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p¹",
- melt=2349,
- molar_heat=11.087,
+ melt=2349.0K,
+ molar_heat=11.087J/(mol*K),
number=5,
period=2,
phase="Solid",
@@ -123,12 +123,12 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=13,
ypos=2),
Element(name="Carbon",
- atomic_mass=12.011,
+ atomic_mass=12.011u,
category="polyatomic nonmetal",
- density=1.821,
+ density=1.821g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Ancient Egypt",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p²",
- molar_heat=8.517,
+ molar_heat=8.517J/(mol*K),
number=6,
period=2,
phase="Solid",
@@ -141,13 +141,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=2),
Element(name="Nitrogen",
appearance="colorless gas, liquid or solid",
- atomic_mass=14.007,
- boil=77.355,
+ atomic_mass=14.007u,
+ boil=77.355K,
category="diatomic nonmetal",
- density=1.251,
+ density=1.251g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Daniel Rutherford",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p³",
- melt=63.15,
+ melt=63.15K,
named_by="Jean-Antoine Chaptal",
number=7,
period=2,
@@ -160,13 +160,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=15,
ypos=2),
Element(name="Oxygen",
- atomic_mass=15.999,
- boil=90.188,
+ atomic_mass=15.999u,
+ boil=90.188K,
category="diatomic nonmetal",
- density=1.429,
+ density=1.429g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Carl Wilhelm Scheele",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁴",
- melt=54.36,
+ melt=54.36K,
named_by="Antoine Lavoisier",
number=8,
period=2,
@@ -179,13 +179,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=16,
ypos=2),
Element(name="Fluorine",
- atomic_mass=18.9984031636,
- boil=85.03,
+ atomic_mass=18.9984031636u,
+ boil=85.03K,
category="diatomic nonmetal",
- density=1.696,
+ density=1.696g/cm^3,
discovered_by="André-Marie Ampère",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁵",
- melt=53.48,
+ melt=53.48K,
named_by="Humphry Davy",
number=9,
period=2,
@@ -198,13 +198,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=2),
Element(name="Neon",
appearance="colorless gas exhibiting an orange-red glow when placed in a high voltage electric field",
- atomic_mass=20.17976,
- boil=27.104,
+ atomic_mass=20.17976u,
+ boil=27.104K,
category="noble gas",
- density=0.9002,
+ density=0.9002g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Morris Travers",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶",
- melt=24.56,
+ melt=24.56K,
number=10,
period=2,
phase="Gas",
@@ -217,14 +217,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=2),
Element(name="Sodium",
appearance="silvery white metallic",
- atomic_mass=22.989769282,
- boil=1156.09,
+ atomic_mass=22.989769282u,
+ boil=1156.09K,
category="alkali metal",
- density=0.968,
+ density=0.968g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Humphry Davy",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹",
- melt=370.944,
- molar_heat=28.23,
+ melt=370.944K,
+ molar_heat=28.23J/(mol*K),
number=11,
period=3,
phase="Solid",
@@ -237,14 +237,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=3),
Element(name="Magnesium",
appearance="shiny grey solid",
- atomic_mass=24.305,
- boil=1363,
+ atomic_mass=24.305u,
+ boil=1363.0K,
category="alkaline earth metal",
- density=1.738,
+ density=1.738g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Joseph Black",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²",
- melt=923,
- molar_heat=24.869,
+ melt=923.0K,
+ molar_heat=24.869J/(mol*K),
number=12,
period=3,
phase="Solid",
@@ -257,13 +257,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=3),
Element(name="Aluminium",
appearance="silvery gray metallic",
- atomic_mass=26.98153857,
- boil=2743,
+ atomic_mass=26.98153857u,
+ boil=2743.0K,
category="post-transition metal",
- density=2.7,
+ density=2.7g/cm^3,
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹",
- melt=933.47,
- molar_heat=24.2,
+ melt=933.47K,
+ molar_heat=24.2J/(mol*K),
named_by="Humphry Davy",
number=13,
period=3,
@@ -276,14 +276,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=3),
Element(name="Silicon",
appearance="crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces",
- atomic_mass=28.085,
- boil=3538,
+ atomic_mass=28.085u,
+ boil=3538.0K,
category="metalloid",
- density=2.329,
+ density=2.329g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Jöns Jacob Berzelius",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p²",
- melt=1687,
- molar_heat=19.789,
+ melt=1687.0K,
+ molar_heat=19.789J/(mol*K),
named_by="Thomas Thomson (chemist)",
number=14,
period=3,
@@ -297,11 +297,11 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=3),
Element(name="Phosphorus",
appearance="colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black",
- atomic_mass=30.9737619985,
+ atomic_mass=30.9737619985u,
category="polyatomic nonmetal",
discovered_by="Hennig Brand",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³",
- molar_heat=23.824,
+ molar_heat=23.824J/(mol*K),
number=15,
period=3,
phase="Solid",
@@ -313,14 +313,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=3),
Element(name="Sulfur",
appearance="lemon yellow sintered microcrystals",
- atomic_mass=32.06,
- boil=717.8,
+ atomic_mass=32.06u,
+ boil=717.8K,
category="polyatomic nonmetal",
- density=2.07,
+ density=2.07g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Ancient China",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴",
- melt=388.36,
- molar_heat=22.75,
+ melt=388.36K,
+ molar_heat=22.75J/(mol*K),
number=16,
period=3,
phase="Solid",
@@ -333,13 +333,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=3),
Element(name="Chlorine",
appearance="pale yellow-green gas",
- atomic_mass=35.45,
- boil=239.11,
+ atomic_mass=35.45u,
+ boil=239.11K,
category="diatomic nonmetal",
- density=3.2,
+ density=3.2g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Carl Wilhelm Scheele",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵",
- melt=171.6,
+ melt=171.6K,
number=17,
period=3,
phase="Gas",
@@ -352,13 +352,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=3),
Element(name="Argon",
appearance="colorless gas exhibiting a lilac/violet glow when placed in a high voltage electric field",
- atomic_mass=39.9481,
- boil=87.302,
+ atomic_mass=39.9481u,
+ boil=87.302K,
category="noble gas",
- density=1.784,
+ density=1.784g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Lord Rayleigh",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶",
- melt=83.81,
+ melt=83.81K,
number=18,
period=3,
phase="Gas",
@@ -371,14 +371,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=3),
Element(name="Potassium",
appearance="silvery gray",
- atomic_mass=39.09831,
- boil=1032,
+ atomic_mass=39.09831u,
+ boil=1032.0K,
category="alkali metal",
- density=0.862,
+ density=0.862g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Humphry Davy",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹",
- melt=336.7,
- molar_heat=29.6,
+ melt=336.7K,
+ molar_heat=29.6J/(mol*K),
number=19,
period=4,
phase="Solid",
@@ -390,14 +390,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=1,
ypos=4),
Element(name="Calcium",
- atomic_mass=40.0784,
- boil=1757,
+ atomic_mass=40.0784u,
+ boil=1757.0K,
category="alkaline earth metal",
- density=1.55,
+ density=1.55g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Humphry Davy",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s²",
- melt=1115,
- molar_heat=25.929,
+ melt=1115.0K,
+ molar_heat=25.929J/(mol*K),
number=20,
period=4,
phase="Solid",
@@ -410,14 +410,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=4),
Element(name="Scandium",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=44.9559085,
- boil=3109,
+ atomic_mass=44.9559085u,
+ boil=3109.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=2.985,
+ density=2.985g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Lars Fredrik Nilson",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹",
- melt=1814,
- molar_heat=25.52,
+ melt=1814.0K,
+ molar_heat=25.52J/(mol*K),
number=21,
period=4,
phase="Solid",
@@ -429,14 +429,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=4),
Element(name="Titanium",
appearance="silvery grey-white metallic",
- atomic_mass=47.8671,
- boil=3560,
+ atomic_mass=47.8671u,
+ boil=3560.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=4.506,
+ density=4.506g/cm^3,
discovered_by="William Gregor",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d²",
- melt=1941,
- molar_heat=25.06,
+ melt=1941.0K,
+ molar_heat=25.06J/(mol*K),
named_by="Martin Heinrich Klaproth",
number=22,
period=4,
@@ -449,14 +449,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=4),
Element(name="Vanadium",
appearance="blue-silver-grey metal",
- atomic_mass=50.94151,
- boil=3680,
+ atomic_mass=50.94151u,
+ boil=3680.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=6.0,
+ density=6.0g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Andrés Manuel del Río",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d³",
- melt=2183,
- molar_heat=24.89,
+ melt=2183.0K,
+ molar_heat=24.89J/(mol*K),
named_by="Isotopes of vanadium",
number=23,
period=4,
@@ -469,14 +469,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=4),
Element(name="Chromium",
appearance="silvery metallic",
- atomic_mass=51.99616,
- boil=2944,
+ atomic_mass=51.99616u,
+ boil=2944.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=7.19,
+ density=7.19g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Louis Nicolas Vauquelin",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d⁵",
- melt=2180,
- molar_heat=23.35,
+ melt=2180.0K,
+ molar_heat=23.35J/(mol*K),
number=24,
period=4,
phase="Solid",
@@ -488,14 +488,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=4),
Element(name="Manganese",
appearance="silvery metallic",
- atomic_mass=54.9380443,
- boil=2334,
+ atomic_mass=54.9380443u,
+ boil=2334.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=7.21,
+ density=7.21g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Torbern Olof Bergman",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁵",
- melt=1519,
- molar_heat=26.32,
+ melt=1519.0K,
+ molar_heat=26.32J/(mol*K),
number=25,
period=4,
phase="Solid",
@@ -507,14 +507,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=4),
Element(name="Iron",
appearance="lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge",
- atomic_mass=55.8452,
- boil=3134,
+ atomic_mass=55.8452u,
+ boil=3134.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=7.874,
+ density=7.874g/cm^3,
discovered_by="5000 BC",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁶",
- melt=1811,
- molar_heat=25.1,
+ melt=1811.0K,
+ molar_heat=25.1J/(mol*K),
number=26,
period=4,
phase="Solid",
@@ -527,15 +527,15 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=4),
Element(name="Cobalt",
appearance="hard lustrous gray metal",
- atomic_mass=58.9331944,
- boil=3200,
+ atomic_mass=58.9331944u,
+ boil=3200.0K,
category="transition metal",
color="metallic gray",
- density=8.9,
+ density=8.9g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Georg Brandt",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁷",
- melt=1768,
- molar_heat=24.81,
+ melt=1768.0K,
+ molar_heat=24.81J/(mol*K),
number=27,
period=4,
phase="Solid",
@@ -547,14 +547,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=4),
Element(name="Nickel",
appearance="lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge",
- atomic_mass=58.69344,
- boil=3003,
+ atomic_mass=58.69344u,
+ boil=3003.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=8.908,
+ density=8.908g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Axel Fredrik Cronstedt",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁸",
- melt=1728,
- molar_heat=26.07,
+ melt=1728.0K,
+ molar_heat=26.07J/(mol*K),
number=28,
period=4,
phase="Solid",
@@ -566,14 +566,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=4),
Element(name="Copper",
appearance="red-orange metallic luster",
- atomic_mass=63.5463,
- boil=2835,
+ atomic_mass=63.5463u,
+ boil=2835.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=8.96,
+ density=8.96g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Middle East",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d¹⁰",
- melt=1357.77,
- molar_heat=24.44,
+ melt=1357.77K,
+ molar_heat=24.44J/(mol*K),
number=29,
period=4,
phase="Solid",
@@ -585,14 +585,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=4),
Element(name="Zinc",
appearance="silver-gray",
- atomic_mass=65.382,
- boil=1180,
+ atomic_mass=65.382u,
+ boil=1180.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=7.14,
+ density=7.14g/cm^3,
discovered_by="India",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰",
- melt=692.68,
- molar_heat=25.47,
+ melt=692.68K,
+ molar_heat=25.47J/(mol*K),
number=30,
period=4,
phase="Solid",
@@ -604,14 +604,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=4),
Element(name="Gallium",
appearance="silver-white",
- atomic_mass=69.7231,
- boil=2673,
+ atomic_mass=69.7231u,
+ boil=2673.0K,
category="post-transition metal",
- density=5.91,
+ density=5.91g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Lecoq de Boisbaudran",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p¹",
- melt=302.9146,
- molar_heat=25.86,
+ melt=302.9146K,
+ molar_heat=25.86J/(mol*K),
number=31,
period=4,
phase="Solid",
@@ -623,14 +623,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=4),
Element(name="Germanium",
appearance="grayish-white",
- atomic_mass=72.6308,
- boil=3106,
+ atomic_mass=72.6308u,
+ boil=3106.0K,
category="metalloid",
- density=5.323,
+ density=5.323g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Clemens Winkler",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p²",
- melt=1211.4,
- molar_heat=23.222,
+ melt=1211.4K,
+ molar_heat=23.222J/(mol*K),
number=32,
period=4,
phase="Solid",
@@ -642,12 +642,12 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=4),
Element(name="Arsenic",
appearance="metallic grey",
- atomic_mass=74.9215956,
+ atomic_mass=74.9215956u,
category="metalloid",
- density=5.727,
+ density=5.727g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Bronze Age",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p³",
- molar_heat=24.64,
+ molar_heat=24.64J/(mol*K),
number=33,
period=4,
phase="Solid",
@@ -659,14 +659,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=4),
Element(name="Selenium",
appearance="black, red, and gray (not pictured) allotropes",
- atomic_mass=78.9718,
- boil=958,
+ atomic_mass=78.9718u,
+ boil=958.0K,
category="polyatomic nonmetal",
- density=4.81,
+ density=4.81g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Jöns Jakob Berzelius",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁴",
- melt=494,
- molar_heat=25.363,
+ melt=494.0K,
+ molar_heat=25.363J/(mol*K),
number=34,
period=4,
phase="Solid",
@@ -677,13 +677,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=16,
ypos=4),
Element(name="Bromine",
- atomic_mass=79.904,
- boil=332.0,
+ atomic_mass=79.904u,
+ boil=332.0K,
category="diatomic nonmetal",
- density=23.1028,
+ density=23.1028g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Antoine Jérôme Balard",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁵",
- melt=265.8,
+ melt=265.8K,
number=35,
period=4,
phase="Liquid",
@@ -695,13 +695,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=4),
Element(name="Krypton",
appearance="colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in a high electric field",
- atomic_mass=83.7982,
- boil=119.93,
+ atomic_mass=83.7982u,
+ boil=119.93K,
category="noble gas",
- density=3.749,
+ density=3.749g/cm^3,
discovered_by="William Ramsay",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶",
- melt=115.78,
+ melt=115.78K,
number=36,
period=4,
phase="Gas",
@@ -714,14 +714,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=4),
Element(name="Rubidium",
appearance="grey white",
- atomic_mass=85.46783,
- boil=961,
+ atomic_mass=85.46783u,
+ boil=961.0K,
category="alkali metal",
- density=1.532,
+ density=1.532g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Robert Bunsen",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s¹",
- melt=312.45,
- molar_heat=31.06,
+ melt=312.45K,
+ molar_heat=31.06J/(mol*K),
number=37,
period=5,
phase="Solid",
@@ -732,14 +732,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=1,
ypos=5),
Element(name="Strontium",
- atomic_mass=87.621,
- boil=1650,
+ atomic_mass=87.621u,
+ boil=1650.0K,
category="alkaline earth metal",
- density=2.64,
+ density=2.64g/cm^3,
discovered_by="William Cruickshank (chemist)",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s²",
- melt=1050,
- molar_heat=26.4,
+ melt=1050.0K,
+ molar_heat=26.4J/(mol*K),
number=38,
period=5,
phase="Solid",
@@ -751,14 +751,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=5),
Element(name="Yttrium",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=88.905842,
- boil=3203,
+ atomic_mass=88.905842u,
+ boil=3203.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=4.472,
+ density=4.472g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Johan Gadolin",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹",
- melt=1799,
- molar_heat=26.53,
+ melt=1799.0K,
+ molar_heat=26.53J/(mol*K),
number=39,
period=5,
phase="Solid",
@@ -770,14 +770,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=5),
Element(name="Zirconium",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=91.2242,
- boil=4650,
+ atomic_mass=91.2242u,
+ boil=4650.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=6.52,
+ density=6.52g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Martin Heinrich Klaproth",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d²",
- melt=2128,
- molar_heat=25.36,
+ melt=2128.0K,
+ molar_heat=25.36J/(mol*K),
number=40,
period=5,
phase="Solid",
@@ -789,14 +789,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=5),
Element(name="Niobium",
appearance="gray metallic, bluish when oxidized",
- atomic_mass=92.906372,
- boil=5017,
+ atomic_mass=92.906372u,
+ boil=5017.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=8.57,
+ density=8.57g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Charles Hatchett",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s¹ 4d⁴",
- melt=2750,
- molar_heat=24.6,
+ melt=2750.0K,
+ molar_heat=24.6J/(mol*K),
number=41,
period=5,
phase="Solid",
@@ -808,14 +808,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=5),
Element(name="Molybdenum",
appearance="gray metallic",
- atomic_mass=95.951,
- boil=4912,
+ atomic_mass=95.951u,
+ boil=4912.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=10.28,
+ density=10.28g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Carl Wilhelm Scheele",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s¹ 4d⁵",
- melt=2896,
- molar_heat=24.06,
+ melt=2896.0K,
+ molar_heat=24.06J/(mol*K),
number=42,
period=5,
phase="Solid",
@@ -827,14 +827,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=5),
Element(name="Technetium",
appearance="shiny gray metal",
- atomic_mass=98,
- boil=4538,
+ atomic_mass=98.0u,
+ boil=4538.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=11,
+ density=11.0g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Emilio Segrè",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d⁵",
- melt=2430,
- molar_heat=24.27,
+ melt=2430.0K,
+ molar_heat=24.27J/(mol*K),
number=43,
period=5,
phase="Solid",
@@ -846,14 +846,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=5),
Element(name="Ruthenium",
appearance="silvery white metallic",
- atomic_mass=101.072,
- boil=4423,
+ atomic_mass=101.072u,
+ boil=4423.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=12.45,
+ density=12.45g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Karl Ernst Claus",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s¹ 4d⁷",
- melt=2607,
- molar_heat=24.06,
+ melt=2607.0K,
+ molar_heat=24.06J/(mol*K),
number=44,
period=5,
phase="Solid",
@@ -865,14 +865,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=5),
Element(name="Rhodium",
appearance="silvery white metallic",
- atomic_mass=102.905502,
- boil=3968,
+ atomic_mass=102.905502u,
+ boil=3968.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=12.41,
+ density=12.41g/cm^3,
discovered_by="William Hyde Wollaston",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s¹ 4d⁸",
- melt=2237,
- molar_heat=24.98,
+ melt=2237.0K,
+ molar_heat=24.98J/(mol*K),
number=45,
period=5,
phase="Solid",
@@ -884,14 +884,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=5),
Element(name="Palladium",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=106.421,
- boil=3236,
+ atomic_mass=106.421u,
+ boil=3236.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=12.023,
+ density=12.023g/cm^3,
discovered_by="William Hyde Wollaston",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰",
- melt=1828.05,
- molar_heat=25.98,
+ melt=1828.05K,
+ molar_heat=25.98J/(mol*K),
number=46,
period=5,
phase="Solid",
@@ -903,14 +903,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=5),
Element(name="Silver",
appearance="lustrous white metal",
- atomic_mass=107.86822,
- boil=2435,
+ atomic_mass=107.86822u,
+ boil=2435.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=10.49,
+ density=10.49g/cm^3,
discovered_by="unknown, before 5000 BC",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s¹ 4d¹⁰",
- melt=1234.93,
- molar_heat=25.35,
+ melt=1234.93K,
+ molar_heat=25.35J/(mol*K),
number=47,
period=5,
phase="Solid",
@@ -922,14 +922,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=5),
Element(name="Cadmium",
appearance="silvery bluish-gray metallic",
- atomic_mass=112.4144,
- boil=1040,
+ atomic_mass=112.4144u,
+ boil=1040.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=8.65,
+ density=8.65g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰",
- melt=594.22,
- molar_heat=26.02,
+ melt=594.22K,
+ molar_heat=26.02J/(mol*K),
named_by="Isotopes of cadmium",
number=48,
period=5,
@@ -942,14 +942,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=5),
Element(name="Indium",
appearance="silvery lustrous gray",
- atomic_mass=114.8181,
- boil=2345,
+ atomic_mass=114.8181u,
+ boil=2345.0K,
category="post-transition metal",
- density=7.31,
+ density=7.31g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Ferdinand Reich",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p¹",
- melt=429.7485,
- molar_heat=26.74,
+ melt=429.7485K,
+ molar_heat=26.74J/(mol*K),
number=49,
period=5,
phase="Solid",
@@ -961,14 +961,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=5),
Element(name="Tin",
appearance="silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α)",
- atomic_mass=118.7107,
- boil=2875,
+ atomic_mass=118.7107u,
+ boil=2875.0K,
category="post-transition metal",
- density=7.365,
+ density=7.365g/cm^3,
discovered_by="unknown, before 3500 BC",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p²",
- melt=505.08,
- molar_heat=27.112,
+ melt=505.08K,
+ molar_heat=27.112J/(mol*K),
number=50,
period=5,
phase="Solid",
@@ -980,14 +980,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=5),
Element(name="Antimony",
appearance="silvery lustrous gray",
- atomic_mass=121.7601,
- boil=1908,
+ atomic_mass=121.7601u,
+ boil=1908.0K,
category="metalloid",
- density=6.697,
+ density=6.697g/cm^3,
discovered_by="unknown, before 3000 BC",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p³",
- melt=903.78,
- molar_heat=25.23,
+ melt=903.78K,
+ molar_heat=25.23J/(mol*K),
number=51,
period=5,
phase="Solid",
@@ -998,14 +998,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=15,
ypos=5),
Element(name="Tellurium",
- atomic_mass=127.603,
- boil=1261,
+ atomic_mass=127.603u,
+ boil=1261.0K,
category="metalloid",
- density=6.24,
+ density=6.24g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁴",
- melt=722.66,
- molar_heat=25.73,
+ melt=722.66K,
+ molar_heat=25.73J/(mol*K),
number=52,
period=5,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1017,13 +1017,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=5),
Element(name="Iodine",
appearance="lustrous metallic gray, violet as a gas",
- atomic_mass=126.904473,
- boil=457.4,
+ atomic_mass=126.904473u,
+ boil=457.4K,
category="diatomic nonmetal",
- density=4.933,
+ density=4.933g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Bernard Courtois",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁵",
- melt=386.85,
+ melt=386.85K,
number=53,
period=5,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1035,13 +1035,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=5),
Element(name="Xenon",
appearance="colorless gas, exhibiting a blue glow when placed in a high voltage electric field",
- atomic_mass=131.2936,
- boil=165.051,
+ atomic_mass=131.2936u,
+ boil=165.051K,
category="noble gas",
- density=5.894,
+ density=5.894g/cm^3,
discovered_by="William Ramsay",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶",
- melt=161.4,
+ melt=161.4K,
number=54,
period=5,
phase="Gas",
@@ -1054,14 +1054,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=5),
Element(name="Cesium",
appearance="silvery gold",
- atomic_mass=132.905451966,
- boil=944,
+ atomic_mass=132.905451966u,
+ boil=944.0K,
category="alkali metal",
- density=1.93,
+ density=1.93g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Robert Bunsen",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s¹",
- melt=301.7,
- molar_heat=32.21,
+ melt=301.7K,
+ molar_heat=32.21J/(mol*K),
number=55,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1072,14 +1072,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=1,
ypos=6),
Element(name="Barium",
- atomic_mass=137.3277,
- boil=2118,
+ atomic_mass=137.3277u,
+ boil=2118.0K,
category="alkaline earth metal",
- density=3.51,
+ density=3.51g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Carl Wilhelm Scheele",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s²",
- melt=1000,
- molar_heat=28.07,
+ melt=1000.0K,
+ molar_heat=28.07J/(mol*K),
number=56,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1091,14 +1091,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=6),
Element(name="Lanthanum",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=138.905477,
- boil=3737,
+ atomic_mass=138.905477u,
+ boil=3737.0K,
category="lanthanide",
- density=6.162,
+ density=6.162g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Carl Gustaf Mosander",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 5d¹",
- melt=1193,
- molar_heat=27.11,
+ melt=1193.0K,
+ molar_heat=27.11J/(mol*K),
number=57,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1110,14 +1110,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=9),
Element(name="Cerium",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=140.1161,
- boil=3716,
+ atomic_mass=140.1161u,
+ boil=3716.0K,
category="lanthanide",
- density=6.77,
+ density=6.77g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Martin Heinrich Klaproth",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 5d¹ 4f¹",
- melt=1068,
- molar_heat=26.94,
+ melt=1068.0K,
+ molar_heat=26.94J/(mol*K),
number=58,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1129,14 +1129,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=9),
Element(name="Praseodymium",
appearance="grayish white",
- atomic_mass=140.907662,
- boil=3403,
+ atomic_mass=140.907662u,
+ boil=3403.0K,
category="lanthanide",
- density=6.77,
+ density=6.77g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Carl Auer von Welsbach",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f³",
- melt=1208,
- molar_heat=27.2,
+ melt=1208.0K,
+ molar_heat=27.2J/(mol*K),
number=59,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1148,14 +1148,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=9),
Element(name="Neodymium",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=144.2423,
- boil=3347,
+ atomic_mass=144.2423u,
+ boil=3347.0K,
category="lanthanide",
- density=7.01,
+ density=7.01g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Carl Auer von Welsbach",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f⁴",
- melt=1297,
- molar_heat=27.45,
+ melt=1297.0K,
+ molar_heat=27.45J/(mol*K),
number=60,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1167,13 +1167,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=9),
Element(name="Promethium",
appearance="metallic",
- atomic_mass=145,
- boil=3273,
+ atomic_mass=145.0u,
+ boil=3273.0K,
category="lanthanide",
- density=7.26,
+ density=7.26g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Chien Shiung Wu",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f⁵",
- melt=1315,
+ melt=1315.0K,
named_by="Isotopes of promethium",
number=61,
period=6,
@@ -1186,14 +1186,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=9),
Element(name="Samarium",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=150.362,
- boil=2173,
+ atomic_mass=150.362u,
+ boil=2173.0K,
category="lanthanide",
- density=7.52,
+ density=7.52g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Lecoq de Boisbaudran",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f⁶",
- melt=1345,
- molar_heat=29.54,
+ melt=1345.0K,
+ molar_heat=29.54J/(mol*K),
number=62,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1204,14 +1204,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=8,
ypos=9),
Element(name="Europium",
- atomic_mass=151.9641,
- boil=1802,
+ atomic_mass=151.9641u,
+ boil=1802.0K,
category="lanthanide",
- density=5.264,
+ density=5.264g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Eugène-Anatole Demarçay",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f⁷",
- melt=1099,
- molar_heat=27.66,
+ melt=1099.0K,
+ molar_heat=27.66J/(mol*K),
number=63,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1223,14 +1223,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=9),
Element(name="Gadolinium",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=157.253,
- boil=3273,
+ atomic_mass=157.253u,
+ boil=3273.0K,
category="lanthanide",
- density=7.9,
+ density=7.9g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f⁷ 5d¹",
- melt=1585,
- molar_heat=37.03,
+ melt=1585.0K,
+ molar_heat=37.03J/(mol*K),
number=64,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1242,14 +1242,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=9),
Element(name="Terbium",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=158.925352,
- boil=3396,
+ atomic_mass=158.925352u,
+ boil=3396.0K,
category="lanthanide",
- density=8.23,
+ density=8.23g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Carl Gustaf Mosander",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f⁹",
- melt=1629,
- molar_heat=28.91,
+ melt=1629.0K,
+ molar_heat=28.91J/(mol*K),
number=65,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1261,14 +1261,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=9),
Element(name="Dysprosium",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=162.5001,
- boil=2840,
+ atomic_mass=162.5001u,
+ boil=2840.0K,
category="lanthanide",
- density=8.54,
+ density=8.54g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Lecoq de Boisbaudran",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁰",
- melt=1680,
- molar_heat=27.7,
+ melt=1680.0K,
+ molar_heat=27.7J/(mol*K),
number=66,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1280,14 +1280,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=9),
Element(name="Holmium",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=164.930332,
- boil=2873,
+ atomic_mass=164.930332u,
+ boil=2873.0K,
category="lanthanide",
- density=8.79,
+ density=8.79g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Marc Delafontaine",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹¹",
- melt=1734,
- molar_heat=27.15,
+ melt=1734.0K,
+ molar_heat=27.15J/(mol*K),
number=67,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1299,14 +1299,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=9),
Element(name="Erbium",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=167.2593,
- boil=3141,
+ atomic_mass=167.2593u,
+ boil=3141.0K,
category="lanthanide",
- density=9.066,
+ density=9.066g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Carl Gustaf Mosander",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹²",
- melt=1802,
- molar_heat=28.12,
+ melt=1802.0K,
+ molar_heat=28.12J/(mol*K),
number=68,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1318,14 +1318,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=9),
Element(name="Thulium",
appearance="silvery gray",
- atomic_mass=168.934222,
- boil=2223,
+ atomic_mass=168.934222u,
+ boil=2223.0K,
category="lanthanide",
- density=9.32,
+ density=9.32g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Per Teodor Cleve",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹³",
- melt=1818,
- molar_heat=27.03,
+ melt=1818.0K,
+ molar_heat=27.03J/(mol*K),
number=69,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1336,14 +1336,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=15,
ypos=9),
Element(name="Ytterbium",
- atomic_mass=173.0451,
- boil=1469,
+ atomic_mass=173.0451u,
+ boil=1469.0K,
category="lanthanide",
- density=6.9,
+ density=6.9g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴",
- melt=1097,
- molar_heat=26.74,
+ melt=1097.0K,
+ molar_heat=26.74J/(mol*K),
number=70,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1355,14 +1355,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=9),
Element(name="Lutetium",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=174.96681,
- boil=3675,
+ atomic_mass=174.96681u,
+ boil=3675.0K,
category="lanthanide",
- density=9.841,
+ density=9.841g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Georges Urbain",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹",
- melt=1925,
- molar_heat=26.86,
+ melt=1925.0K,
+ molar_heat=26.86J/(mol*K),
number=71,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1374,14 +1374,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=9),
Element(name="Hafnium",
appearance="steel gray",
- atomic_mass=178.492,
- boil=4876,
+ atomic_mass=178.492u,
+ boil=4876.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=13.31,
+ density=13.31g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Dirk Coster",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d²",
- melt=2506,
- molar_heat=25.73,
+ melt=2506.0K,
+ molar_heat=25.73J/(mol*K),
number=72,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1394,14 +1394,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=6),
Element(name="Tantalum",
appearance="gray blue",
- atomic_mass=180.947882,
- boil=5731,
+ atomic_mass=180.947882u,
+ boil=5731.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=16.69,
+ density=16.69g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Anders Gustaf Ekeberg",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d³",
- melt=3290,
- molar_heat=25.36,
+ melt=3290.0K,
+ molar_heat=25.36J/(mol*K),
number=73,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1414,14 +1414,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=6),
Element(name="Tungsten",
appearance="grayish white, lustrous",
- atomic_mass=183.841,
- boil=6203,
+ atomic_mass=183.841u,
+ boil=6203.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=19.25,
+ density=19.25g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Carl Wilhelm Scheele",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d⁴",
- melt=3695,
- molar_heat=24.27,
+ melt=3695.0K,
+ molar_heat=24.27J/(mol*K),
number=74,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1433,14 +1433,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=6),
Element(name="Rhenium",
appearance="silvery-grayish",
- atomic_mass=186.2071,
- boil=5869,
+ atomic_mass=186.2071u,
+ boil=5869.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=21.02,
+ density=21.02g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Masataka Ogawa",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d⁵",
- melt=3459,
- molar_heat=25.48,
+ melt=3459.0K,
+ molar_heat=25.48J/(mol*K),
named_by="Walter Noddack",
number=75,
period=6,
@@ -1453,14 +1453,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=6),
Element(name="Osmium",
appearance="silvery, blue cast",
- atomic_mass=190.233,
- boil=5285,
+ atomic_mass=190.233u,
+ boil=5285.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=22.59,
+ density=22.59g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Smithson Tennant",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d⁶",
- melt=3306,
- molar_heat=24.7,
+ melt=3306.0K,
+ molar_heat=24.7J/(mol*K),
number=76,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1472,14 +1472,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=6),
Element(name="Iridium",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=192.2173,
- boil=4403,
+ atomic_mass=192.2173u,
+ boil=4403.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=22.56,
+ density=22.56g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Smithson Tennant",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d⁷",
- melt=2719,
- molar_heat=25.1,
+ melt=2719.0K,
+ molar_heat=25.1J/(mol*K),
number=77,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1491,14 +1491,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=6),
Element(name="Platinum",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=195.0849,
- boil=4098,
+ atomic_mass=195.0849u,
+ boil=4098.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=21.45,
+ density=21.45g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Antonio de Ulloa",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d⁹",
- melt=2041.4,
- molar_heat=25.86,
+ melt=2041.4K,
+ molar_heat=25.86J/(mol*K),
number=78,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1510,14 +1510,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=6),
Element(name="Gold",
appearance="metallic yellow",
- atomic_mass=196.9665695,
- boil=3243,
+ atomic_mass=196.9665695u,
+ boil=3243.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=19.3,
+ density=19.3g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Middle East",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s¹ 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰",
- melt=1337.33,
- molar_heat=25.418,
+ melt=1337.33K,
+ molar_heat=25.418J/(mol*K),
number=79,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1529,14 +1529,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=6),
Element(name="Mercury",
appearance="silvery",
- atomic_mass=200.5923,
- boil=629.88,
+ atomic_mass=200.5923u,
+ boil=629.88K,
category="transition metal",
- density=13.534,
+ density=13.534g/cm^3,
discovered_by="unknown, before 2000 BCE",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰",
- melt=234.321,
- molar_heat=27.983,
+ melt=234.321K,
+ molar_heat=27.983J/(mol*K),
number=80,
period=6,
phase="Liquid",
@@ -1548,14 +1548,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=6),
Element(name="Thallium",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=204.38,
- boil=1746,
+ atomic_mass=204.38u,
+ boil=1746.0K,
category="post-transition metal",
- density=11.85,
+ density=11.85g/cm^3,
discovered_by="William Crookes",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p¹",
- melt=577,
- molar_heat=26.32,
+ melt=577.0K,
+ molar_heat=26.32J/(mol*K),
number=81,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1567,14 +1567,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=6),
Element(name="Lead",
appearance="metallic gray",
- atomic_mass=207.21,
- boil=2022,
+ atomic_mass=207.21u,
+ boil=2022.0K,
category="post-transition metal",
- density=11.34,
+ density=11.34g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Middle East",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p²",
- melt=600.61,
- molar_heat=26.65,
+ melt=600.61K,
+ molar_heat=26.65J/(mol*K),
number=82,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1586,14 +1586,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=6),
Element(name="Bismuth",
appearance="lustrous silver",
- atomic_mass=208.980401,
- boil=1837,
+ atomic_mass=208.980401u,
+ boil=1837.0K,
category="post-transition metal",
- density=9.78,
+ density=9.78g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Claude François Geoffroy",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p³",
- melt=544.7,
- molar_heat=25.52,
+ melt=544.7K,
+ molar_heat=25.52J/(mol*K),
number=83,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1605,14 +1605,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=6),
Element(name="Polonium",
appearance="silvery",
- atomic_mass=209,
- boil=1235,
+ atomic_mass=209.0u,
+ boil=1235.0K,
category="post-transition metal",
- density=9.196,
+ density=9.196g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Pierre Curie",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁴",
- melt=527,
- molar_heat=26.4,
+ melt=527.0K,
+ molar_heat=26.4J/(mol*K),
number=84,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1624,13 +1624,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=6),
Element(name="Astatine",
appearance="unknown, probably metallic",
- atomic_mass=210,
- boil=610,
+ atomic_mass=210.0u,
+ boil=610.0K,
category="metalloid",
- density=26.35,
+ density=26.35g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Dale R. Corson",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁵",
- melt=575,
+ melt=575.0K,
number=85,
period=6,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1642,13 +1642,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=6),
Element(name="Radon",
appearance="colorless gas, occasionally glows green or red in discharge tubes",
- atomic_mass=222,
- boil=211.5,
+ atomic_mass=222.0u,
+ boil=211.5K,
category="noble gas",
- density=9.73,
+ density=9.73g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Friedrich Ernst Dorn",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶",
- melt=202,
+ melt=202.0K,
number=86,
period=6,
phase="Gas",
@@ -1660,13 +1660,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=18,
ypos=6),
Element(name="Francium",
- atomic_mass=223,
- boil=950,
+ atomic_mass=223.0u,
+ boil=950.0K,
category="alkali metal",
- density=1.87,
+ density=1.87g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Marguerite Perey",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s¹",
- melt=300,
+ melt=300.0K,
number=87,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1678,13 +1678,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=7),
Element(name="Radium",
appearance="silvery white metallic",
- atomic_mass=226,
- boil=2010,
+ atomic_mass=226.0u,
+ boil=2010.0K,
category="alkaline earth metal",
- density=5.5,
+ density=5.5g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Pierre Curie",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s²",
- melt=1233,
+ melt=1233.0K,
number=88,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1695,14 +1695,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=2,
ypos=7),
Element(name="Actinium",
- atomic_mass=227,
- boil=3500,
+ atomic_mass=227.0u,
+ boil=3500.0K,
category="actinide",
- density=10,
+ density=10.0g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Friedrich Oskar Giesel",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 6d¹",
- melt=1500,
- molar_heat=27.2,
+ melt=1500.0K,
+ molar_heat=27.2J/(mol*K),
number=89,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1714,14 +1714,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=10),
Element(name="Thorium",
appearance="silvery, often with black tarnish",
- atomic_mass=232.03774,
- boil=5061,
+ atomic_mass=232.03774u,
+ boil=5061.0K,
category="actinide",
- density=11.724,
+ density=11.724g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Jöns Jakob Berzelius",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 6d²",
- melt=2023,
- molar_heat=26.23,
+ melt=2023.0K,
+ molar_heat=26.23J/(mol*K),
number=90,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1733,13 +1733,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=10),
Element(name="Protactinium",
appearance="bright, silvery metallic luster",
- atomic_mass=231.035882,
- boil=4300,
+ atomic_mass=231.035882u,
+ boil=4300.0K,
category="actinide",
- density=15.37,
+ density=15.37g/cm^3,
discovered_by="William Crookes",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f² 6d¹",
- melt=1841,
+ melt=1841.0K,
named_by="Otto Hahn",
number=91,
period=7,
@@ -1751,14 +1751,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=5,
ypos=10),
Element(name="Uranium",
- atomic_mass=238.028913,
- boil=4404,
+ atomic_mass=238.028913u,
+ boil=4404.0K,
category="actinide",
- density=19.1,
+ density=19.1g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Martin Heinrich Klaproth",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f³ 6d¹",
- melt=1405.3,
- molar_heat=27.665,
+ melt=1405.3K,
+ molar_heat=27.665J/(mol*K),
number=92,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1770,14 +1770,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=10),
Element(name="Neptunium",
appearance="silvery metallic",
- atomic_mass=237,
- boil=4447,
+ atomic_mass=237.0u,
+ boil=4447.0K,
category="actinide",
- density=20.45,
+ density=20.45g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Edwin McMillan",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f⁴ 6d¹",
- melt=912,
- molar_heat=29.46,
+ melt=912.0K,
+ molar_heat=29.46J/(mol*K),
number=93,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1789,14 +1789,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=10),
Element(name="Plutonium",
appearance="silvery white, tarnishing to dark gray in air",
- atomic_mass=244,
- boil=3505,
+ atomic_mass=244.0u,
+ boil=3505.0K,
category="actinide",
- density=19.816,
+ density=19.816g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Glenn T. Seaborg",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f⁶",
- melt=912.5,
- molar_heat=35.5,
+ melt=912.5K,
+ molar_heat=35.5J/(mol*K),
number=94,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1808,14 +1808,14 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=10),
Element(name="Americium",
appearance="silvery white",
- atomic_mass=243,
- boil=2880,
+ atomic_mass=243.0u,
+ boil=2880.0K,
category="actinide",
- density=12,
+ density=12.0g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Glenn T. Seaborg",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f⁷",
- melt=1449,
- molar_heat=62.7,
+ melt=1449.0K,
+ molar_heat=62.7J/(mol*K),
number=95,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1828,13 +1828,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=10),
Element(name="Curium",
appearance="silvery metallic, glows purple in the dark",
- atomic_mass=247,
- boil=3383,
+ atomic_mass=247.0u,
+ boil=3383.0K,
category="actinide",
- density=13.51,
+ density=13.51g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Glenn T. Seaborg",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f⁷ 6d¹",
- melt=1613,
+ melt=1613.0K,
number=96,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1846,13 +1846,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=10),
Element(name="Berkelium",
appearance="silvery",
- atomic_mass=247,
- boil=2900,
+ atomic_mass=247.0u,
+ boil=2900.0K,
category="actinide",
- density=14.78,
+ density=14.78g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f⁹",
- melt=1259,
+ melt=1259.0K,
number=97,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1864,13 +1864,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=10),
Element(name="Californium",
appearance="silvery",
- atomic_mass=251,
- boil=1743,
+ atomic_mass=251.0u,
+ boil=1743.0K,
category="actinide",
- density=15.1,
+ density=15.1g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁰",
- melt=1173,
+ melt=1173.0K,
number=98,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1882,13 +1882,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
ypos=10),
Element(name="Einsteinium",
appearance="silver-colored",
- atomic_mass=252,
- boil=1269,
+ atomic_mass=252.0u,
+ boil=1269.0K,
category="actinide",
- density=8.84,
+ density=8.84g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹¹",
- melt=1133,
+ melt=1133.0K,
number=99,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1899,11 +1899,11 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=13,
ypos=10),
Element(name="Fermium",
- atomic_mass=257,
+ atomic_mass=257.0u,
category="actinide",
discovered_by="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹²",
- melt=1800,
+ melt=1800.0K,
number=100,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1914,11 +1914,11 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=14,
ypos=10),
Element(name="Mendelevium",
- atomic_mass=258,
+ atomic_mass=258.0u,
category="actinide",
discovered_by="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹³",
- melt=1100,
+ melt=1100.0K,
number=101,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1929,11 +1929,11 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=15,
ypos=10),
Element(name="Nobelium",
- atomic_mass=259,
+ atomic_mass=259.0u,
category="actinide",
discovered_by="Joint Institute for Nuclear Research",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴",
- melt=1100,
+ melt=1100.0K,
number=102,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1944,11 +1944,11 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=16,
ypos=10),
Element(name="Lawrencium",
- atomic_mass=266,
+ atomic_mass=266.0u,
category="actinide",
discovered_by="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 7p¹",
- melt=1900,
+ melt=1900.0K,
number=103,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1959,13 +1959,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=17,
ypos=10),
Element(name="Rutherfordium",
- atomic_mass=267,
- boil=5800,
+ atomic_mass=267.0u,
+ boil=5800.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=23.2,
+ density=23.2g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Joint Institute for Nuclear Research",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d²",
- melt=2400,
+ melt=2400.0K,
number=104,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -1976,9 +1976,9 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=4,
ypos=7),
Element(name="Dubnium",
- atomic_mass=268,
+ atomic_mass=268.0u,
category="transition metal",
- density=29.3,
+ density=29.3g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Joint Institute for Nuclear Research",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d³",
number=105,
@@ -1991,9 +1991,9 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=5,
ypos=7),
Element(name="Seaborgium",
- atomic_mass=269,
+ atomic_mass=269.0u,
category="transition metal",
- density=35.0,
+ density=35.0g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d⁴",
number=106,
@@ -2006,9 +2006,9 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=6,
ypos=7),
Element(name="Bohrium",
- atomic_mass=270,
+ atomic_mass=270.0u,
category="transition metal",
- density=37.1,
+ density=37.1g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d⁵",
number=107,
@@ -2021,12 +2021,12 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=7,
ypos=7),
Element(name="Hassium",
- atomic_mass=269,
+ atomic_mass=269.0u,
category="transition metal",
- density=40.7,
+ density=40.7g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d⁶",
- melt=126,
+ melt=126.0K,
number=108,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -2037,9 +2037,9 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=8,
ypos=7),
Element(name="Meitnerium",
- atomic_mass=278,
+ atomic_mass=278.0u,
category="unknown, probably transition metal",
- density=37.4,
+ density=37.4g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d⁷",
number=109,
@@ -2052,9 +2052,9 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=9,
ypos=7),
Element(name="Darmstadtium",
- atomic_mass=281,
+ atomic_mass=281.0u,
category="unknown, probably transition metal",
- density=34.8,
+ density=34.8g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d⁸",
number=110,
@@ -2067,9 +2067,9 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=10,
ypos=7),
Element(name="Roentgenium",
- atomic_mass=282,
+ atomic_mass=282.0u,
category="unknown, probably transition metal",
- density=28.7,
+ density=28.7g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹",
number=111,
@@ -2082,10 +2082,10 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=11,
ypos=7),
Element(name="Copernicium",
- atomic_mass=285,
- boil=3570,
+ atomic_mass=285.0u,
+ boil=3570.0K,
category="transition metal",
- density=23.7,
+ density=23.7g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰",
number=112,
@@ -2098,13 +2098,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=12,
ypos=7),
Element(name="Nihonium",
- atomic_mass=286,
- boil=1430,
+ atomic_mass=286.0u,
+ boil=1430.0K,
category="unknown, probably transition metal",
- density=16,
+ density=16.0g/cm^3,
discovered_by="RIKEN",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7p¹",
- melt=700,
+ melt=700.0K,
number=113,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -2115,13 +2115,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=13,
ypos=7),
Element(name="Flerovium",
- atomic_mass=289,
- boil=420,
+ atomic_mass=289.0u,
+ boil=420.0K,
category="post-transition metal",
- density=14,
+ density=14.0g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Joint Institute for Nuclear Research",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7p²",
- melt=340,
+ melt=340.0K,
number=114,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -2132,13 +2132,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=14,
ypos=7),
Element(name="Moscovium",
- atomic_mass=289,
- boil=1400,
+ atomic_mass=289.0u,
+ boil=1400.0K,
category="unknown, probably post-transition metal",
- density=13.5,
+ density=13.5g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Joint Institute for Nuclear Research",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7p³",
- melt=670,
+ melt=670.0K,
number=115,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -2149,13 +2149,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=15,
ypos=7),
Element(name="Livermorium",
- atomic_mass=293,
- boil=1085, #Average of 1035--1135
+ atomic_mass=293.0u,
+ boil=1085.0K, #Average of 1035--1135
category="unknown, probably post-transition metal",
- density=12.9,
+ density=12.9g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Joint Institute for Nuclear Research",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7p⁴",
- melt=709, #Average of 637--780, rounded (up) to nearest integer
+ melt=709.0K, #Average of 637--780, rounded (up) to nearest integer
number=116,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -2166,13 +2166,13 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=16,
ypos=7),
Element(name="Tennessine",
- atomic_mass=294,
- boil=883,
+ atomic_mass=294.0u,
+ boil=883.0K,
category="unknown, probably metalloid",
- density=7.17,
+ density=7.17g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Joint Institute for Nuclear Research",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7p⁵",
- melt=723,
+ melt=723.0K,
number=117,
period=7,
phase="Solid",
@@ -2183,10 +2183,10 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=17,
ypos=7),
Element(name="Oganesson",
- atomic_mass=294,
- boil=350,
+ atomic_mass=294.0u,
+ boil=350.0K,
category="unknown, predicted to be noble gas",
- density=4.95,
+ density=4.95g/cm^3,
discovered_by="Joint Institute for Nuclear Research",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7p⁶",
number=118,
@@ -2199,10 +2199,10 @@ const _elements_data = [
xpos=18,
ypos=7),
Element(name="Ununennium",
- atomic_mass=315,
- boil=630,
+ atomic_mass=315.0u,
+ boil=630.0K,
category="unknown, but predicted to be an alkali metal",
- density=3,
+ density=3.0g/cm^3,
discovered_by="GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research",
el_config="1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7p⁶ 8s¹",
number=119,
diff --git a/test/runtests.jl b/test/runtests.jl
index 99666e3..9dd9ac9 100644
--- a/test/runtests.jl
+++ b/test/runtests.jl
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-using PeriodicTable, Compat
+using PeriodicTable, Compat, Unitful
+import Unitful: u, g, cm, K, J, mol
using Compat.Test
using Compat.Base64
@@ -17,6 +18,14 @@ F = elements[9]
@test O.symbol == "O"
@test nfields(O) == 22
+# Unitful units
+H = elements[1]
+@test unit(H.density) === g/cm^3
+@test unit(H.boil) === K
+@test unit(H.melt) === K
+@test unit(H.molar_heat) === J/(mol*K)
+@test unit(H.atomic_mass) === u
+
# iteration protocol
if VERSION < v"0.7-"
@test start(elements) == 1